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Appearance: DCPA consists of colorless crystals .
Chemical Name: dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
CAS Number: 1861-32-1
Molecular Weight: 303.90
Water Solubility: 0.5 mg/L @ 25 °C
Solubility in Other Solvents: benzene v.s.; toluene v.s.; acetone v.s.; carbon tetrachloride s.
Melting Point: 155-156 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.33 mPa @ 25 °C
Partition Coefficient: Not Available
AdsorptionCoefficient: 5000 (chlorthal-dimethyl)
ACUTE TOXICITY:
DCPA is a slightly toxic compound that carries the signal word CAUTION on the label. The compound has a very low toxicity to mammals. Therefore, LD50 values are difficult to obtain. The LD50 figures for DCPA in rats range from greater than 3000 mg/kg to 12,500 mg/kg. DCPA in rabbits and beagle dogs has an LD50 of greater than 10,000 mg/kg. The dermal LD50 for rabbits is greater than 10,000 mg/kg. DCPA is not a skin sensitizer and it is only a mild eye irritant.
CHRONIC TOXICITY:
The lowest dose that caused observable effects in rats was 758 mg/kg/day over a month of exposure. Dogs given 800 mg/kg/day a month showed some adverse effects in the liver. In longer term studies with rats (90 days), similar doses (about 750 mg/kg) caused no adverse effects in the animals at the highest dose tested. In a two year study with rats, a dose of around 50 mg/kg/day was responsible for chronic toxic effects. Changes were noted in the adrenal weights of the females and in the kidney weights of the males.
Reproductive Effects:
Rats fed moderate doses of DCPA (500 mg/kg/day) showed no changes in fertility, gestation, live births or lactation. The study was conducted over one full generation. It is unlikely that the compound would present a reproductive threat to humans.
Teratogenic Effects:
Pregnant rabbits fed moderate doses (up to 300 mg/kg) of DCPA on days 8 to 16 of gestation had no maternal effects and there were no skeletal or organ abnormalities in the offspring. It is unlikely that the compound presents a significant risk of birth defects in humans. However, more research is needed in this area.
Mutagenic Effects:
No mutagenicity was seen in any one of a number of tests (mutation frequency and activity, cytogenetic tests, DNA repair and dominant lethal tests). Strong evidence indicates that the compound is not mutagenic.
Carcinogenic Effects:
Based on gross and microscopic examination, no carcinogenic effects were noted in rats in a two-year study where diets contained up to 500 mg/kg/day of DCPA. However, there is not enough information to draw any firm conclusion about the carcinogenic risk to humans. The EPA has stated that the compound currently is not classifiable.
Organ Toxicity:
Humans given 25 or 50 mg oral doses showed no evidence of abnormalities in blood, liver, kidney and urine analysis. A 3 mg dose in a rabbit eye produced mild irritation which was gone in 24 hours.
Fate in Humans and Animals:
Much of the compound that is ingested is not absorbed. Cows excreted nearly all of a small dose of DCPA within five days and dogs absorbed only small amounts (3%) of the compound. The remaining amount was eliminated within four days. The half-life of the parent compound is about five minutes.
Dairy cows had some DCPA or metabolites in their milk. Diets up to 200 ppm for 24 days gave 0.26 ppm in milk, while 30 to 90 ppm for 9 or 23 days gave residues of 0.036 ppm and 0.066 ppm in milk. Residues in other tissues were generally less than 1 ppm.
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
DCPA appears to be moderately toxic to some young wildfowl and practically non-toxic to the young of other species and to adult birds. The LD50 in young bobwhite quail is 5500 mg/kg. Young mallards and young quail were more sensitive to the herbicide than adult birds. Diets containing about 250 mg/kg caused heavy mortality in the first five days to younger ducks. Older birds had a higher survival rate at this level over a 100-day period. The total consumption of DCPA for the study was nearly 40,000 mg/kg.
DCPA is slightly toxic to practically non-toxic to fish depending on the species. For example it is non-toxic to blue gill sunfish and slightly toxic to rainbow trout. The compound is practically non-toxic to estuarine and marine organisms (invertebrates and some fish). The available data suggest that DCPA poses no hazard to endangered aquatic species.
When exposed to rates of 100 g/bee, DCPA was not toxic. At 229.63 g/bee there was only three percent mortality. Thus, DCPA is only slightly toxic to bees.
Herbicide Chlorthal Dimethyl TC
