1.Material:Copper, Ductile iron, Iron, stainless Steel, Alloy Steel, Aluminum, brass, or on request of customer2.Process:Sand casting process and machining.3.Weight range:0.01-150KG4.Size:As per the customer's drawings and requirements5.SurfaceTreatment:painting, polishing, galvanization etc and as per customers" requirement6.Heat Treatment:Annealing, normalizing ,quenching+tempering,solution treatment and as per customer's requirement.7.Inspection:Factory in-house self check or Third Party inspection8.Certificate:ISO9001-20089.Delivery:By sea, air or express according to customers' requirementFAQ: Question 1 : Are you a factory or a trading company ?Answer : We are a factory with designing, manufacturing, machining ,marketing in WuXi city, JiangSu province, near from ShangHai 100Km.Question 2 : How can I get some samples ?Answer :We are honored to offer you samples for free, but the new clients are expected to pay the courier cost, and the charge will be deducted from the payment for formal order.Regarding the courier cost, you can arrange a RPI ( remote pick-up ) service upon Fedex, UPS, DHL, TNT, etc. to have samples collected ; or inform us your DHL collection account. Then you can pay the freight directly to your local carrier company.Question 3 : Can your factory print or emboss my logo on the goods ?Answer :Yes, we can print or emboss the logo on the goods or their packing box, for patent protection purpose, a letter of attorney ( letter of authorization )shall be provided for the logo .We usually produce goods based on customer's samples or based on customer's picture, logo, size etc. detail information design for customers.Question 4 : How does your factory do regarding quality control ?Answer : we pay high attention to quality control from the very beginning to the end of the production. Every product will be fully tested before it's packed for shipment.Copper and Copper Alloys Casting ProblemsPure copper is extremely difficult to cast as well as being prone to surface cracking, porosity problems, and to the formation of internal cavities. The casting characteristics of copper can be improved by the addition of small amounts of elements including beryllium, silicon, nickel, tin, zinc, chromium and silver.Copper alloys in cast form (designated in UNS numbering system as C80000 to C99999) are specified when factors such as tensile and compressive strength, wear qualities when subjected to metal-to-metal contact, machinability, thermal and electrical conductivity, appearance, and corrosion resistance are considerations for maximizing product performance. Cast copper alloys are used for applications such as bearings, bushings, gears, fittings, valve bodies, and miscellaneous components for the chemical processing industry. These alloys are poured into many types of castings such as sand, shell, investment, permanent mold, chemical sand, centrifugal, and die casting.The copper-base casting alloy family can be subdivided into three groups according to solidification (freezing range). Unlike pure metals, alloys solidify over a range of temperatures. Solidification begins when the temperature drops below the liquidus; it is completed when the temperature reaches the solidus. The liquidus is the temperature at which the metal begins to freeze, and the solidus is the temperature at which the metal is completely frozen.Group I alloysGroup I alloys are alloys that have a narrow freezing range (about 50oC), that is, a range of 50oC between the liquidus and solidus temperature. Group I alloys includes: copper (UNS No. C81100), chromium copper (C81500), yellow brass (C85200, C85400, C85700, C85800, C87900), manganese bronze (C86200, C86300, C86400, C86500, C86700, C86800), aluminum bronze (C95200, C95300, C95400, C95410, C95500, C95600, C95700, C95800) nickel bronze (C97300, C97600, C97800), white brass (C99700, C99750).Pure Copper and Chromium Copper. Commercially pure copper and high copper alloys are very difficult to melt and are very susceptible to gassing. In the case of chromium copper, oxidation loss of chromium during melting is a problem. Copper and chromium copper should be melted under a floating flux cover to prevent both oxidation and the pickup of hydrogen from moisture in the atmosphere. In the case of copper, crushed graphite should cover the melt. With chromium copper, the cover should be a proprietary flux made for this alloy. When the molten metal reaches 1260oC, either calcium boride or lithium should be plunged into the molten bath to deoxidize the melt. The metal should then be poured without removing the floating cover.Yellow Brasses. These alloys flare, or lose zinc, due to vaporization at temperatures relatively close to the melting point. For this reason, aluminum is added to increase fluidity and keep zinc vaporization to a minimum. The proper amount of aluminum to be retained in the brass is 0.15 to 0.35%. Above this amount, shrinkage takes place during freezing, and the use of risers becomes necessary. After the addition of aluminum, the melting of yellow brass is very simple, and no fluxing is necessary. Zinc should be added before pouring to compensate the zinc lost in melting.Manganese Bronzes. These alloys are carefully compounded yellow brasses with measured quantities of iron, manganese, and aluminum. The metal should be melted and heated to the flare temperature or to the point at which zinc oxide vapor can be detected. At this point, the metal should be removed from the furnace and poured. No fluxing is required with these alloys. The only addition required with these alloys is zinc. The amount required is that which is eeded to bring the zinc content back to the original analysis. This varies from very little, if any, when an all-ingot heat is being poured, to several percent if the heat contains a high percentage of remelt.Aluminum Bronzes. These alloys must be melted carefully under an oxidizing atmosphere and heated to the proper furnace temperature. If needed, degasifiers can be stirred into the melt as the furnace is being tapped. By pouring a blind sprue before tapping and examining the metal after freezing, it is possible to tell whether it shrank or exuded gas. If the sample purged or overflowed the blind sprue during solidification, degassing is necessary. Degasifiers remove hydrogen and oxygen. Also available are fluxes that convert the molten bath. These are in powder form and are usually fluorides. They aid in the elimination of oxides, which normally form on top of the melt during melting and superheating.Nickel Bronzes. These alloys, also known as nickel silver, are difficult to melt. They gas readily if not melted properly because the presence of nickel increases the hydrogen solubility. Then, too, the higher pouring temperatures aggravate hydrogen pickup. These alloys must be melted under an oxidizing atmosphere and quickly superheated to the proper furnace temperature to allow for temperature losses during fluxing and handling. Proprietary fluxes are available and should be stirred into the melt after tapping the furnace. These fluxes contain manganese, calcium, silicon, magnesium, and phosphorus and do an excellent job in removing hydrogen and oxygen.White Manganese Bronze. There are two alloys in this family; both of them are copper-zinc alloys containing a large amount of manganese and, in one case, nickel. They are manganese bronze type alloys; they are simple to melt, and can be poured at low temperatures because they are very fluid. They should not be overheated, as this serves no purpose. If the alloys are unduly superheated, zinc is vaporized and the chemistry of the alloy is changed. Normally, no fluxes are used with these alloys.
